In this study, we develop a data-driven heuristic method to solve the irregular flight recovery problem. Based on operational data from China South Airlines, Beijing, China, we evaluate the importance of a flight in the flight network and the influence of a delay on a flight and its subsequent flights. Then, we classify historical states into three scenarios according to their delay reasons and investigate the recovery patterns for each scenario. Inspired by the results of the data analysis, we develop a heuristic algorithm that imitates dispatcher actions. The algorithm is based on two basic operations: swapping the tail numbers of two flights and resetting their flight departure times. The algorithm can provide multiple recovery plans in real time for different scenarios, and we continue to refine and validate the algorithm for more robust and general solutions through a cost analysis. Finally, we test the efficiency and effectiveness of the recovery method based on the flight schedule, with real and simula

Infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, cause disruptions to normal lives and thus trigger various adaptive reactions. We provide evidence that visual pattern-seeking, which brings perceived control in such disruptions, is one of the adaptive responses. Across five studies, consumers primed with the perceived threat of COVID-19 increase their evaluations of visually patterned advertising images and behavioural intentions to follow visually patterned messages designed to reduce the spread of the virus. The underlying process for this effect is that visual pattern-seeking helps consumers regain control that is threatened by the perceived threat of the pandemic. These findings shed light on the role of visual patterns as an effective source of communication in the COVID-19 era.

Abstract Background: This paper reviews nationally representative public opinion surveys on artificial intelligence (AI) in the United States, with a focus on areas related to health care. The potential health applications of AI continue to gain attention owing to their promise as well as challenges. For AI to fulfill its potential, it must not only be adopted by physicians and health providers but also by patients and other members of the public. Objective: This study reviews the existing survey research on the United States’ public attitudes toward AI in health care and reveals the challenges and opportunities for more effective and inclusive engagement on the use of AI in health settings. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of public opinion surveys, reports, and peer-reviewed journal articles published on Web of Science, PubMed, and Roper iPoll between January 2010 and January 2022. We include studies that are nationally representative US public opinion surveys and include at least one or more que

Managerial multitasking has become a common practice in the mutual fund industry. Although multitasking may have certain benefits for fund companies and portfolio managers, these arrangements have significant drawbacks for fund investors. We find that multitasking is associated with worse fund performance. Moreover, we find significant performance deterioration when a single-tasking manager switches to multitasking. We further demonstrate evidence that suggests that multitasking reduces the attention or limits the investment options a manager can allocate to their funds. Our study prescribes caution when assigning a portfolio manager a greater workload, as doing so adversely affects fund performance and, at some point, the ability of the fund family to attract capital.

The sunk-cost fallacy is a well-documented cognitive bias in the decision-making literature. Although the emerging literature on childhood socioeconomic status suggests that early-life environments shape individuals' decision strategies and have a long-lasting impact on their decisions, little is known about the impact of childhood socioeconomic status on the sunk-cost fallacy. Using two different scenarios and an actual choice task, we provide converging evidence that individuals who grew up in resource-scarce environments (those with lower childhood socioeconomic status) are reluctant to abandon inferior choices merely because they have already invested substantial resources in them, resulting in the sunk-cost fallacy. This fallacy occurs because individuals with lower childhood socioeconomic status tend to perceive the loss of their prior investments as more wasteful than those with higher childhood socioeconomic status.

We present a simple model featuring the supply side of the Bitcoin ecosystem, i.e. the market structure of “mining”, to rationalize the relationship between the Bitcoin price volatility and the market concentration in pool mining. An individual miner optimally chooses to operate individually or to delegate the mining capacity in hashrates to a mining pool. The mining pool entertains the trade-off between compromising the network derived from its market power and maintaining sufficient hashrate delegations from dispersed miners. We show that a mining pool finds it optimal to be self-constrained in size while maintaining a positive probability of compromising the network in equilibrium. As a result, the bounded market concentration in pooled mining caps the Bitcoin price fluctuations. We also document important empirical evidence which is consistent with our model predictions.

This article conceptualizes the Sensitive Word Culture as a new theoretical lens for understanding how Chinese netizens interact with Internet censorship systems. Through the use of 22 in-depth interviews of Chinese Weibo users and netnography as empirical material, eight types of word recoding practices are identified and mapped into two discourse strategies, namely “evading detection” and “expanding interpretability.” Drawing on the concepts of everyday resistance and everyday politics, we analyze the power relations behind these discourse strategies, and also identify the apolitical aspects and scope of the Sensitive Word Culture. One notable finding is that the Sensitive Word Culture is becoming a part of China's digital cultural production, influencing the development of slang and memes. This research offers insights into how censorship from artificial intelligence and human intelligence influences the online discourses on Chinese social media.

The expansion of the internet has provided people with more channels to obtain information. New information about the world and other lifestyles provided by the internet may affect teenagers’ attitudes and change their behavior of first marriage in adulthood. Using data from China Family Panel Studies, this paper explores a national policy reform of the internet in 2000 and combines a difference-in-difference framework with a discrete-time hazard model to estimate the impact of internet exposure in adolescence on women’s age at first marriage. The results show that internet exposure during adolescence significantly reduces the risk of women’s age at first marriage. No change is observed in men of similar age. Further analysis of the mechanism shows that women’s education or search costs in the marriage market cannot explain the findings. In contrast, women’s traditional attitudes toward gender roles vary with internet exposure. Their gender role attitudes become more egalitarian, and their attitudes toward ma

Household debt is an important part of household financial decision-making, and commercial medical insurance has gradually become an important tool for households to use in improving their household balance sheets. Based on 2017 China Household Finance Survey (CHFS) data, this paper studies the impact of commercial medical insurance participation on household debt and analyzes the heterogeneity of household conditions, such as the location of the household, the age of the household head, and the health status of members. The study found that households participating in commercial medical insurance are more likely to be indebted, and their degree of debt is higher than that of households without commercial medical insurance. For urban households, young households, and households with healthy members, the participation of commercial medical insurance has a high effect on the likelihood and the degree of debt. Therefore, while strengthening household insurance awareness, the government should promote the strengt

(1) Background: Risk perception is a key factor in motivating people to comply with preventive behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Appropriate risk perception is important to enhance beliefs and promote emergency management response to public health events. (2) Objective: This study developed a public risk perception measurement method for social media data to understand the dynamic characteristics of risk perception and emotional expression during public health emergencies. (3) Methods: Utilizing text-mining techniques and deep-learning algorithms, risk perception was calculated from two dimensions (dread and unknown) as well as the emotional expression characteristics of 185,025 posts from 10 January 2020 to 20 March 2020 on Sina Weibo. We also analyzed the characteristics of risk perception at different stages of the crisis life cycle. Furthermore, drawing on arousal theory, we constructed dynamic response relationships between emotion type (angry, fearful, sad, positive, and neutral) and risk percepti