In recent years, the integration of new methodological approaches to communication and cognate fields has profoundly transformed the ways in which we observe the world, as well as the questions we formulate to understand it better. Health communication research aims to motivate behavior changes, policy decisions, and public health practices that promote and sustain people’s physical and psychological well-being. It has been traditionally relying heavily on participants’ self-reports. In this talk, I will present some of my recent efforts that utilized natural language processing, eye-tracking, and neuroimaging methods to approach crucial health communication research inquiries. I hope to illustrate how theoretical insights fuel and guide new methodological advancements, how these methods can be optimally leveraged to inform theoretically and socially important questions, and ultimately contribute to fostering individual-, community-, and population-level health outcomes.