This paper studies gender differences in educational attainment and labor market compensation across a group of OECD countries. Across these countries, college attainment rates are higher for women than men, despite a wage gap. The empirical analysis documents a positive correlation between this education gender gap and one related to the effects of education on compensation. The paper explores potential explanations for this pattern. The approach is to estimate the parameters of a dynamic model of education choice and labor market outcomes and then decompose gender differences through a series of counterfactual exercises, highlighting the role of human capital accumulation, tastes and information frictions to understand the determinants of these forms of gender gaps.